An Optimized Protocol for In Vitro Indirect Shoot Organogenesis of Impala Bronzovaya and Zanzibar Green Ricinus communis L. Varieties

Oleg S Alexandrov,Marat R Khaliluev,Nicolay R Petrov,Natalia V Varlamova

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7050105

Oleg S Alexandrov, Marat R Khaliluev + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050105

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Abstract

The castor bean is an important industrial and ornamental crop. In the industry, it is used as a source of castor oil. Moreover, it has a large potential as a feed crop, because the seeds contain a high amount of protein. A main problem with castor bean use is the presence of toxins in the plants. Today, detoxification is carried out using various approaches, including biotechnological methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology. A successful application of these methods requires the availability of an efficient in vitro protocol for callus induction and shoot organogenesis. We present the results of in vitro condition optimization for two castor bean varieties (Impala Bronzovaya and Zanzibar Green). Eight different Murashige–Skoog (MS) culture media characterized by different plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations, as well as explant types (hypocotyls, cotyledonous leaves, and cotyledon petioles), were tested. The highest frequency of shoot organogenesis and average number per explant were observed during the cultivation of cotyledon petioles in both varieties on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) containing 1 or 2 mg/L of zeatin in combination with 0.1 mg/L of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA). An optimized protocol for in vitro callus induction and shoot organogenesis may be used for biotechnological applications to obtain toxin-free castor bean, as well as Ricinus communis L. plants, with new ornamental traits and their combinations.

Highlights

From a botanical point of view, the castor bean, Ricinus communis L. (2n = 20), is a species of the monotypic genus in the Euphorbiaceae family [1,2]
A callus formation was observed in all explant types of the two studied castor bean varieties
Cotyledonous leaves showed a lower level of callus induction than hypocotyls, but the differences were often not statistically significant

Summary

Introduction

(2n = 20), is a species of the monotypic genus in the Euphorbiaceae family [1,2]. It is widely cultivated as an industrial and ornamental crop in countries with tropical and subtropical climates [3,4]. The potential for the castor bean to be used as an ornamental plant has been studied in various countries. The main purpose of castor bean cultivation is seed production. Castor bean seeds contain approximately 60% oil, which is highly valued for the production of lubricants, plastics, cosmetics, paints, varnishes, ethanol, etc. The use of castor oil as a biodiesel has good prospects [11,12]. China, and Brazil are major castor oil producers in the international market [13]

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