Abstract
The growing human population and the increasing energy needs have produced a serious energy crisis, which has stimulated researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The diffusion of small-scale renewable distributed generations (DG) with micro-grids can be a promising solution to meet the environmental obligations. The uncertainty and sporadic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) is the main obstacle to their use as autonomous energy sources. In order to overcome this, a storage system is required. This paper proposes an optimized strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) connected to a low-voltage grid. In this study, a cost function is formulated to minimize the net cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The charging and discharging of the battery are operated optimally to minimize the defined cost function. Half-hourly electricity consumer load data and solar irradiance data collected from the United Kingdom (UK) for a whole year are utilized in the proposed methodology. Five cases are discussed for a comparative cost analysis of the electricity imported and exported. The proposed scheme provides a techno-economic analysis of the combination of a BSS with a low-voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme.
Highlights
The increase in global warming is due to climate change beyond doubt
In the proposed as theisbattery is fullythe charged, the excess powertoisthe directed to the contrary, when the PV generation is insufficient meet the demand, can be from grid
Energyand plays a major role in the socio-economic progress of any country
Summary
The increase in global warming is due to climate change beyond doubt. One of the main causes of the production of greenhouse gasses is the fossil fuel-based energy source. Ratnam et al [34] used a quadratic program (QP) method to schedule a grid-tied hybrid PV and BSS This methodology was basically designed for electricity supplier companies to reduce the peak hour cost to the customers. An optimum strategy to decrease the operating electricity cost of a hybrid PV and BSS connected with a low-voltage grid is presented. The stored battery energy is discharged only during peak hours to reduce the peak load energy cost, and if the battery is at a lower specific SOC level before peak hours than after being charged using the grid power, which results in the reduction of the overall price of electricity for a whole day. The installed capacity of the solar PV system used in this study is 3 kW; the effect of varying the battery capacity is discussed in Section 4 of this paper
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