Abstract
This paper reports on an optimization study of liquid hydrogen boil-off losses due to ortho-para conversion and heat leak through the mechanical supports. The optimization to minimize boil-off losses due to ortho-para conversion is conducted for two different cases and with different approaches. One approach applies to the storage of liquid hydrogen with continuous liquid hydrogen addition, while the other applies to storage of a certain amount of liquid hydrogen without any addition. For the first case, the optimization is conducted by evaluating the desirable storage times for different initial ortho concentrations relative to pure liquid para-hydrogen. For the second case the energy cost incurred during boil-off is compared with the extra liquefaction work for conversion. For both cases a curve, representing the optimum liquefaction ortho concentration for the different storage times is obtained. A second portion of the study is devoted to determining the optimum spatial distribution of intermediate cooling stations and the temperature profiles for the mechanical supports with linear thermal conductivity. This portion also considers the evaluation of the number of cooling stations and related boil-off losses for cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage. A third portion of the study investigates the optimum storage pressure.
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