Abstract
The Clean Energy Package expects a fundamental contribute for the decarbonisation of European energy system from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), pushing Member States to favour the diffusion of energy production plants for individual and collective self-consumption. At the same time, DERs are required to contribute to system security mainly providing dispatching resources. The model developed includes the possibility to provide real-time balancing flexibility in a generic architecture where different energy vectors can be integrated through energy production, consumption and storage facilities. The optimization problem is built over a weekly time horizon with a stepwise approach where internal and external energy exchanges are defined updating meteorological forecasts, energy demands and markets results while approaching real-time operations. According to the Italian Authority consultation document 322/2019, both energy-only and capacity remunerated services are included in the model. The aim of the model is both to estimate the economic opportunities coming from energy markets participation for smart energy districts in the future energy framework, and to assess the actual capability and reliability of diverse DERs aggregates to provide flexibility to the external electric grid. These evaluations are carried out applying the presented model to a university campus case study where different energy conversion and storage plants are integrated at a Distribution Network level.
Highlights
The Clean Energy Package, and Regulation 2019/943 [1] and Directive 2019/944 [2], started a deep reformation process of electricity markets, driven at EU level by a set of Network Codes (NC) and Guidelines (GL)
CACM (Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management) NC [3] deals with the organization of Day-Ahead and Intraday Markets (DAM-IM) while BM (Balancing Market) NC [4] focuses on the exchange of balancing energy
The reformation process will impact electricity markets timing, bringing financial markets (DAM-IM) closure near to real-time operations; because of this, especially in central dispatch systems such as the Italian one, it is needed a decoupling between the commercial position of markets operators portfolio, and the physical program of units producing and consuming electricity: this allows TSOs to assure the security of power system
Summary
The Clean Energy Package, and Regulation 2019/943 [1] and Directive 2019/944 [2], started a deep reformation process of electricity markets, driven at EU level by a set of Network Codes (NC) and Guidelines (GL). Products exchanged on Ancillary Services and Balancing Markets (ASM-BM) should be harmonised at a EU level: this entails setting the technical requirements for each service, identifying the different kind of units participating to the different electricity markets and defining the commercial tools through which diverse dispatching resources are supplied In this context, the paper presents a model focusing on energy districts, a typical Distributed Energy Resources (DER) framework, exploiting the main novelties of Italian and European regulation to introduce flexibility provision in district’s operations. The two subsections illustrate how flexibility is introduced in the model concerning both short-term balancing resources and weekly auction-based capacity remunerated services
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