Abstract
A novel optimal power and energy management (OPEM) for centralized hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) in microgrids is presented in this paper. The proposed OPEM aims at providing multiple grid services by suitably exploiting the different power/energy features of electrochemical batteries (B) and supercapacitors (S). The first part of the paper focuses on the design and analysis of the proposed OPEM, by highlighting the advantages of employing hand-designed solutions based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle rather than resorting to pre-defined optimization tools. Particularly, the B power profile is synthesized optimally over a given time horizon in order to provide both peak shaving and reduced grid energy buffering, while S is employed in order to compensate for short-term forecasting errors and to prevent B from handling sudden and high-frequency power fluctuations. Both the B and S power profiles are computed in real-time in order to benefit from more accurate forecasting, as well as to support each other. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed OPEM is tested through numerical simulations, which have been carried out based on real data from the German island of Borkum. Particularly, an extensive and detailed performance analysis is performed by comparing OPEM with a frequency-based management strategy (FBM) in order to highlight the superior performance achievable by the proposed OPEM in terms of both power and energy management and HESS exploitation.
Highlights
Microgrids (MGs) represent one of the most viable and promising solutions for the power systems of the future because they can provide a number of advantages, such as increased energy and cost savings, as well as improved power quality [1,2]
The optimal power and energy management (OPEM) proposed in this paper aims at providing both energy and power services by exploiting the complementary features of B and S optimally
The design of an optimal power and energy management (OPEM) for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) in microgrids has been presented in this paper
Summary
Microgrids (MGs) represent one of the most viable and promising solutions for the power systems of the future because they can provide a number of advantages, such as increased energy and cost savings, as well as improved power quality [1,2]. Enhanced MG performances can be achieved by means of advanced management and control strategies, which aim to optimize MG operations from technical and/or economic points of view [3,4]. These strategies generally rely on energy storage systems (ESS), which are widely recognized as a key enabling technology for MGs [5,6,7,8]. Several ESS technologies can be considered for grid applications in accordance with the services they are going to provide [13,14] In this regard, hydro and compressed-air ESS are well suited for providing energy services, but they require significant investment costs and environmental impact
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