Abstract
This paper presents a phase arrangement procedure for distribution transformers to improve system unbalance and voltage profile of distribution systems, while considering the location and uncertainties of the wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaics (PV). Based on historical data, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the power generation value-at-risk (VAR) of WTs/PVs installed under a given level of confidence. The main target of this paper is to reduce the line loss and unbalance factor during 24-hour intervals. Assessing the various confidence levels of risk, a feasible particle swarm optimization (FPSO) is proposed to solve the optimal location of WTs/PVs installed and transformer load arrangement. A three-phase power flow with equivalent current injection (ECI) is analyzed to demonstrate the operating efficiency of the FPSO in a Taipower feeder. Simulation results will support the planner in the proper location of WTs/PVs installed to reduce system losses and maintain the voltage profile. They can also provide more risk information for handing uncertainties when the renewable energy is connected to the distribution system.
Highlights
A distribution system comprises many components which supply energy to the loads
This paper presents a feasible particle swarm optimization (FPSO) to find the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers, which minimizes the system losses for improving the system unbalance and voltage profile
By considering the wind turbine (WT)/PVs installed, the optimal location and VAR of power generation are simultaneously integrated into the searching procedure
Summary
A distribution system comprises many components which supply energy to the loads. In Taiwan, the Taipower Company (TPC) usually used open-wye/open-delta transformers to supply either three-phase load or single-phase load for economical operation [1]. A three-phase power flow program with equivalent current injection method is used to simulate the system loss and unbalance factor in cases of transformer rearrangement, optimal load diversity, and mixed-type [15,16]. Results can help operators to appropriately install the WTs/PVs location and the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers in order to reduce system loss and maintain the voltage profile. They can provide more risk information in uncertain environments when the WTs/PVs are connected to the distribution system
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