An objective computer system for the quantification of artery stenoses

Abstract

We have developed a low cost, clinically usable system for the objective assessment of the severity of coronary artery stenoses from single view angiograms. The system is based on a desktop computer with incorporated frame grabber. Images are captured by means of a video camera. The user selects a region of interest which encompasses the stenosis. Facilities are provided for automatic or manual definition of the artery centre line and edges. The computer then calculates the artery diameter and cross-sectional area by videodensitometry along profile lines which are orthogonal to the long axis of the artery. These results can be expressed numerically as a percentage stenosis when compared to a normal region of the artery. The image is corrected for geometric distortion using a grid test object. The image grey scale is corrected by means of a ramp test object such that a pixel value is proportional to the attenuator thickness. The ramp is placed on the patient during the X-ray examination and an iterative technique has been developed for subtracting the underlying structures from the superimposed ramp image. The system has been assessed using test objects constructed in Perspex which simulate arteries of known cross-sectional area and stenoses of known severity.