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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study how input parameters affect the dynamic characteristics and electric consumption characteristics of an electric motorcycle. To achieve this goal, a simulation model of the electric motorcycle, including dynamic models and battery models were established based on mathematical models and using the MATLAB SIMULINK software (Parnas Tower 14th Floor521 Teheran-street Gangnam-district Seoul 06164 Korea). The simulation model was used to determine the velocity, propulsion torque, electric consumption characteristics with variable electric motorcycle mass, driver mass, wheel radius, frontal area, and transmission ratio. Through the simulation study, the paper found that when the electric motorcycle mass was increased from 60 kg to 100 kg, the maximum velocity decreased by 5.45%, the moving distance was reduced by 5.89%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. Following increased driver mass from 48 kg to 88 kg, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 5.45% and 5.89%, respectively, while also increasing electric consumption by 0.11%. When the wheel radius was changed from 0.205 m to 0.245 m, the maximum velocity increased by 11%, the moving distance increased by 11.2%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. When the frontal area was increased from 0.52 m2 to 0.92 m2, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 2.43% and 2.06%, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.04%. When the transmission ratio was increased from 2.66 to 4.94, the velocity and moving distance increased from 30.74 km/h to 70.7 km/h and from 303.12 m to 710.44 m, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.16%. Finally, an experimental study is conducted to examine the dynamics of the electric motorcycle. The experimental results have the same trend with simulation in the same initial condition. Through combination simulation and experiment, the researcher can optimize the dynamic and electric consumption of an electric motorcycle.
Highlights
One of the major concerns of many counties in the world is environmental pollution.The toxic emissions of the internal combustion engine are one of the main pollution sources through using fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline [1,2,3]
The operation of an electric motorcycle was modeled and simulated based on the dynamic DC motor and battery model resolved by a written program in MATLAB-Simulink
The study results showed that the dynamic performance and electricity consumption of an electric motorcycle could be optimized by adjusting input parameters
Summary
The toxic emissions of the internal combustion engine are one of the main pollution sources through using fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline [1,2,3]. The toxic emission from internal combustion engines such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) directly affect human health [4,5]. Another issue is energy security; because of concerns regarding fossil fuel supply and undesirable economic impact by fluctuating fuel price, alternative fuel, and new vehicles have become a focus for worldwide researchers [6,7,8]. One potential electric vehicle is electric motorcycles [12], which are appropriate for moving a short distance over diverse terrains and utilitarian compared with other electric vehicles with reasonable prices, maintenance, and repair expenditure [13,14,15,16,17]
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