Abstract
The heat transfer is an important parameter for production of thick metal ingots with given orientation and grain size. Control of the complex hydrodynamics, physics and heat processes will be possible in metal casting if the dependences, concerning the interaction between the liquid pool and the crystallisation front, are known. This paper presents some results of our investigations on the influence of the beam power and the casting velocity on the crystallisation rate and on the values of the temperature gradient in the crystallisation front during formation of Al, Ti, Cu blocks with 60 mm diameter in a vertical water-cooled crucible. The influence of the heat contact at the ingot wall on the kind of crystallisation front and on the conditions concerning the orientation of the crystals along the ingot axis is taken into account. It is shown that the heat contact changes its height and its position during the casting process. These changes of the heat contact depend on the thermo-physical characteristics of the heated metal. Electron beam casting conditions for the metals investigated and conditions for production of ingots with desired structure and smooth surface are optimised.
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