Abstract
Acute encephalitis is a life-threatening neurological illness that presents as a rapidly progressive encephalopathy due to inflammation of the brain.[1] In the recent past, in addition to infectious causes, various autoantibody-mediated encephalitis has been identified. There are two types of immune-mediated encephalitis, namely, paraneoplastic encephalopathy syndromes related to cancers and antibody perturbing neuronal surface proteins or antigens of synapses.[2] Autoimmune encephalitis has distinct categories such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR), leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1, and contactin-associated protein-2.[3] Autoimmune encephalitis is a specific syndrome with characteristic clinical features. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis occurring due to autoantibodies targeting NMDARs either due to ovarian teratoma or preceding viral infections acting as triggers.[4]
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