Abstract
Socio-technical systems have a very complex structure presenting multidimensional co-evolutionary dynamics between people and technical factors. Each urban area has a different sociocultural structure, where the built environment and user choices vary. Understanding how urban transportation is shaped by socio-technical factors as well as how these factors affect transportation users and system performance is important to support sustainable transportation planning. This paper aims to provide a holistic view of socio-technical factors shaping urban transportation for the use of transport planners and decision-makers. The current review focuses on understanding which alternative transport modes can be sustainable under specific socio-technical conditions and how to attract travelers toward these sustainable modes. Moreover, under which socio-technical conditions an urban transport system can minimize its socio-economic costs and environmental impacts are investigated. Furthermore, the interrelations among system dynamics, their influence on transport users as well as on system externalities are identified and integrated as a system model perspective for a holistic view.
Highlights
The socio-economic transformation of cities has been booming with an increasing urban sprawl, which has led to the growth of land consumption
The results show that electric vehicles (EVs) have a 60% higher energy conversion rate than that of internal combustion engines (ICEs) and 50% higher than that of hydrogen cars
This review study focuses on socio-technical factors shaping the urban transportation system
Summary
The socio-economic transformation of cities has been booming with an increasing urban sprawl, which has led to the growth of land consumption. The expansion of sustainable transport modes has not taken place at the same rate; whereas the growth of private car ownership has peaked [1]. This situation has developed along with an increase in social inequity, socio-economic costs, and harmful environmental impacts. Examining the similarities and differences of urban areas helps to understand which alternative sustainable transport systems can be successful and under which socio-technical conditions this success can be achieved. Understanding user choices as well as under which socio-technical conditions an urban transport system can minimize its socio-economic costs and environmental impacts is a vital step of sustainable transportation planning [4]. An integrative review is presented to highlight how cities are shaped by socio-technical factors and how these factors affect transport users and system externalities
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