Abstract
This article aims to review how existing instruments to measure stigma affecting people who use drugs have been developed, which domains of stigma are measured, as well as metrics used to validate these instruments. Using the Whittemore and Knafl’s process for conducting an integrative review, six studies published between January 2002 and April 2019 were systematically analyzed. Overall, all the studies included had good methodological qualities. The results showed that the instruments measured one or more domain of stigma. However, most of these studies use already pre-validated instrument to measure stigma in mental health and adapt to fit the people who use drugs context. Based on the findings we therefore recommend that more studies exploring the experience of people who use drugs regarding stigma, and the perceptions of service provides rendering care to people who use drugs should be undertaken to develop relevant and context-specific stigma instruments.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundAccording to the United Nation Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016), an estimated 246 million people globally use drugs
Two review questions are formulated: (a) What are the stigma domains described in the existing instruments to measure stigma among people who use drugs (PWUDs)? (b) What are the psychometric properties of these instruments?
The synthesis of the integrative review consists of the overall quality of the selected studies for the review and the discussion of the answers to the review based on the analysis
Summary
Introduction and BackgroundAccording to the United Nation Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016), an estimated 246 million people globally use drugs. According to the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU, 2016), people who use drugs (PWUDs) exist in all major cities in South Africa (SA). This is observed across all races and different age groups, as well as in different social and economic groups. 18% for alcohol and 12% for heroin in Gauteng, 10% for alcohol and 15% for heroin in KwaZulu-Natal, and 11% use for both in the Western Cape (SACENDU, 2016) These figures represent the proportion of drug users who are admitted at the treatment centers. Substance use stigma: modified and adapt the above mental illness stigma scales
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