Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the necessary requirements of an integrated program for dealing with oil spills on water. Such a program necessarily involves a designated administrative organization, sound contingency planning, preselection of equipment and materials to cover a range of techniques, and a recognition of the importance of flexibility so that the proper combination of techniques can be united into the optimum operation to meet the special circumstances of each individual spill. This philosophy is illustrated by a description of the administrative organization in the United Kingdom at central and local government level, by the contingency planning of one of the major oil companies, and by the different combinations of confinement, removal, and other techniques that have proved appropriate in Europe for water surfaces ranging from streams to seas. The paper emphasizes that the optimum cleanup operation for the unique conditions of each spill requires preparedness, flexibility and an integration of appropriate techniques.
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