Abstract
Abstract In this study, a novel optimization-simulation dynamic approach was developed for optimal water operation of reservoir-river systems to improve the water quality and supply the water demands along a river. To this purpose, the WEAP-QUAL2 K linked model was developed to simulate water quality and quantity, which is dynamically coupled to a fuzzy multi-objective imperialist competition algorithm (FMOICA). The approach's applicability is demonstrated through the case study of the Dez reservoir river in Iran. The simulation and optimization period used was six years (October 2019-September 2025). Stochastic models (SARIMA(1,0,1)(1,1,1)) were used to forecast inflow into the Dez dam reservoir for the simulation period. Given that in the verification stage of the QUAL2 K and WEAP model it was concluded that the model has high accuracy in simulating the parameters of water quality and quantity, two scenarios were considered: the first scenario was used for dynamic coupling of the quantity-quality model (reference scenario), and the second was the fuzzy optimization of a linked model (optimal scenario). The results show that average water supply reliability increased from 86.13% in the reference scenario to 95.76% in the optimal scenario. Also, under the optimal scenario, the river water quality improves. It was also found that environmental flow rate demands of the river are fully supplied in different months.
Highlights
Rivers are an essential water source for drinking, industrial and agricultural utilizations (Babamiri et al 2020)
This study aims to develop a coupling fuzzy multi-objective algorithm (FMOICA) to the body of a linked Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP)-QUAL2 K model for the optimal quantity-quality operation of the reservoirriver system, based on objectives of; (i) supplying various water demands including drinking, industry, agriculture and the environmental flow rates, (ii) maintaining the water quality of the river according to the world standards
The recorded values of qualitative and pollution parameters in the quality monitoring stations along the Dez River showed that the river is in critical condition in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) pollution and electrical conductivity (EC) pollution
Summary
Rivers are an essential water source for drinking, industrial and agricultural utilizations (Babamiri et al 2020). To properly operate reservoirs and rivers, it is inevitable to consider the water quantity, quality (Froebrich et al 2007; Reis et al 2015), and ecological demands (Symphorian et al 2003; Shirangi et al 2008; Steinschneider et al 2014) In this vein, some studies have been conducted to incorporate both water quantity and quality into river basin modeling such as, Azevedo et al (2000) presented a combined surface water quantity (MODSIM) and quality (QUAL2E) model within the framework of a decision-support tool in an application to Piracicaba River Basin in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Their results indicated that the error of the integrated model in terms of quantity and quality was below 5%
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