Abstract
Transportation of fish seed is a complex phenomenon associated with multiple kinds of stressors that simultaneously affect the fish in a confined environment, causing stress and mortality. The present study investigated the stress-relieving effect of exogenous glucose as a water additive in different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%) during simulated transportation (12 h) of L. rohita fingerlings. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index is a holistic tool to determine the optimum dose of exogenous glucose for mitigating transportation stress in fish. Based on selected biomarkers related to the stress hormone, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and HSP70 mRNA expression, the IBR index is calculated for each treatment and control group. The result showed a significant change in the level of stress hormone cortisol, enzymes (SGPT, LDH, MDH, SOD, CAT) and metabolites (serum glucose, triglyceride, creatinine) along with an upregulation in liver HSP70 mRNA expression. IBR index suggests that 0.2% glucose exhibited the lowest multi-biomarker stress response in comparison to other treatments and control. Therefore, the use of 0.2% glucose as a water additive will provide a solution to transportation induced stress in L. rohita fingerling and will underwrite the success of grow-out fish culture in days to come.
Highlights
Transportation of fish seed is a complex phenomenon associated with multiple kinds of stressors that simultaneously affect the fish in a confined environment, causing stress and mortality
The lowest total ammonia–nitrogen concentration was observed in T2 (0.2% glucose) in comparison to other treatments (Supplementary Table S1)
A significantly higher total ammonia–nitrogen was observed in control as compared to treatments after 12 h transportation, which might be a consequence of nitrogenous waste excretion due to the higher metabolic rate of fish during t ransportation[8,23]
Summary
Transportation of fish seed is a complex phenomenon associated with multiple kinds of stressors that simultaneously affect the fish in a confined environment, causing stress and mortality. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index is a holistic tool to determine the optimum dose of exogenous glucose for mitigating transportation stress in fish. The result showed a significant change in the level of stress hormone cortisol, enzymes (SGPT, LDH, MDH, SOD, CAT) and metabolites (serum glucose, triglyceride, creatinine) along with an upregulation in liver HSP70 mRNA expression. The use of an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index provides a holistic approach to assess the level of stress in fish[11]. Enzymes and hormones are used as a biomarker for assessing the level of stress in fish since they act as the first line of indicators of transportation s tress[11,13].
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