An Integrated Bile Acids Profile Determination by UHPLC-MS/MS to Identify the Effect of Bile Acids Supplement in High Plant Protein Diet on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Xian Wei,Jie Wang,Xu Gu,Xiaofang Liang,Ting Yao,Wenlong Du,Min Xue,Fatou Ndoye Fall

doi:10.3390/foods10102465

Abstract

Bile acids (BAs) have considerable importance in the metabolism of glycolipid and cholesterol. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of bile acids supplementary in a high plant protein diet for the common carp BA profiles and hepatopancreas and intestine health. An 11-week feeding trial was conducted with high plant protein diet (18% soybean meal and 18% cottonseed protein concentrated) (HP) and HP added 600 mg/kg BAs (HP+BAs) for common carp, and then, the UHPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the BAs in the bile and plasma of two groups. HP could induce vacuolation of hepatocytes and accumulation of glycogen in the common carp, while these phenotypes were significantly improved in the HP+BAs group. In addition, the BA profile of the HP group and HP+BAs group are described in detail, for the common carp bile with treatment by exogenous BAs, TCA, CA, TβMCA, and TωMCA were the main components. Furthermore, in the HP+BAs group plasma, CDCA, CA, LCA, and GCDCA increased significantly; they could activate TGR5, and the activation of hepatopancreas TGR5 might regulate glucose metabolism to relieve hepatopancreas glycogen accumulation. This study proved that BAs supplemented to plant protein diet could relieve the common carp hepatopancreas glycogen accumulation by changing the BAs’ profile, thereby promoting its healthy growth, which has important guiding significance for the promotion of aquaculture development and makes an important contribution to expanding the strategic space of food security.

Highlights

Bile acids (BAs) are a series of amphipathic molecules that are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder [1]
BAs are secreted into the duodenum to promote lipid digestion and absorption in the small intestine and are reabsorbed in the ileum by the liver via BAs transporters and the portal vein, which is defined as metabolism enterohepatic circulation [5]
In recent years, scientists have found that BAs act as various signal receptors to participate in the regulations of homeostasis of glucose and energy metabolism [8], as well as in signaling pathways [9,10]

Summary

Introduction

Bile acids (BAs) are a series of amphipathic molecules that are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder [1]. BAs have been known to accelerate the digestion and absorption of lipids in the gut [6], and to regulate cholesterol homeostasis [7]. In recent years, scientists have found that BAs act as various signal receptors to participate in the regulations of homeostasis of glucose and energy metabolism [8], as well as in signaling pathways [9,10]. TβMCA (Tauro-β-muricholic acid) and CDCA (Chenodeoxycholic acid) act together on FXR (Farnesoid X receptor) to regulate BAs’ synthesis and glycolipid metabolism [13,14]. These new findings of BAs’ functions helped to solve various diseases caused by metabolic disorders

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