Abstract
Single cell oil (SCO) is the lipid accumulated in the cells of oleaginous microorganisms. Cellular lipids can be synthesized in two different pathways: de novo by metabolizing hydrophilic substrates and ex novo by fermenting hydrophobic substrates. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of carbon source (glucose and olive oil) in the culture medium on the course of microbial oil accumulation in Y. lipolytica cells. The level of selected gene expression by real time quantitative PCR method was investigated. The significant increase in expression of the POX2 gene encoding acyl-CoA oxidase II, which preferentially oxidizes long-chain acyl-CoAs formed from substrate fatty acids incorporated inside the microbial cell, was observed in medium with olive oil in relation to glucose containing medium. Noteworthily, the presence of lipid carbon substrate did not inhibit the level of ACL gene transcription coding for ATP-citrate lyase, the key enzyme of the lipid de novo accumulation process. The present study indicated that de novo lipid biosynthesis could occur despite the presence of fatty acids in the medium, and the synthesis of storage lipids in the presence of lipid carbon substrates could be carried out with the use of both pathways (de novo and ex novo).
Highlights
Yarrowia lipolytica is a model species of oleaginous yeast
The literature data showed that the by-product obtained both during the synthesis of microbial lipids in medium containing glucose by-product obtained both during the synthesis of microbial lipids in medium containing glucose (de oxygen consumption (%)
The results presented here conclude that the composition of the microbial oil of Y. lipolytica yeast is strictly dependent on the carbon substrate, yeast strain, and culture conditions
Summary
Yarrowia lipolytica is a model species of oleaginous yeast. The fully sequenced genome and well-known metabolism of the yeast makes Y. lipolytica currently a model species in much basic research in the fields of protein secretion and peroxisome biogenesis, and research on the complex I of the respiratory chain and the metabolism of hydrophobic substrates [1,2]. The yeast species was developed as an erythritol producer (a sweetener used as a substitute for sucrose), but currently the most attention is paid to single cell oil (SCO) biosynthesis [3]. SCO is a microbial oil produced by oleaginous microorganisms, which can accumulate lipids to more than 20% w/w in their dry cell. The storage of lipids in oleaginous yeast proceeds with the specific incorporation of aliphatic lipophilic residues of acylglycerols and the Biomolecules 2019, 9, 685; doi:10.3390/biom9110685 www.mdpi.com/journal/biomolecules
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