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Abstract
Corrosion is evaluated to be one of the most important cause for pipeline failures. Given the serious consequences of these events in terms of human safety, environmental preservation and cost saving, it is evident that on-field corrosion control could have a fundamental role. The aim of the present work was to meet this need with preliminary feasibility study to develop a test procedure, characterized at the same time by non-invasive approach and scientific rigor, to evaluate the possibility of on-line monitoring and assess the integrity of a pipeline during its operation. The experimental campaign was performed on a HSLA Steel X60, characterized by a ferritic microstructure with fine grains and ultimate tensile strength equal to 520MPa. The hydrogen interaction with steel was investigated by means of an advanced equipment based on an innovative high sensitivity hydrogen gas sensor. The following types of investigations were carried out [1]: - Various permeation tests were performed with reference to EN ISO 17081:2014 increasing test temperature from 10°C to 60°C. - Afterwards a series of Hydrogen Induced Cracking nucleation tests was performed with reference to ASTM STP 692:0. - Finally, permeation concept was applied in an innovative way to Hydrogen Induced Cracking nucleation phenomena.
Highlights
First of all, traditional permeation tests were carried out with Devanathan-Stachurski cell: the samples examined were previously coated with Pd in order to avoid the recombination of hydrogen on the output side of the reading cell and subsequent under-estimation of current by the reading system [2, 3, 4]
The materials used in these tests were Iron-Armco and commercial X60; HIC tests were performed in order to estimate the critical concentration of hydrogen able to create cracks
The Devanathan and HELIOS permeations tests results on Fe Armco are reported in Table 3: Table 3
Summary
Traditional permeation tests were carried out with Devanathan-Stachurski cell: the samples examined were previously coated with Pd in order to avoid the recombination of hydrogen on the output side of the reading cell and subsequent under-estimation of current by the reading system [2, 3, 4]. The tests were repeated with the HELIOS instruments (patent EP2912452B1) to compare the outcomes obtained with Devanathan-Stachurski technique. The materials used in these tests were Iron-Armco and commercial X60; HIC tests were performed in order to estimate the critical concentration of hydrogen able to create cracks. The composition of Iron-Armco ® and X60 are shown in table 1.
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