Abstract
DC distribution grids are increasingly a promising solution for wind and solar integration due to good matching with DC output voltage such as photovoltaic (PV) array systems, distributed battery storage systems (BESS) and electric vehicles. To overcome the control problems involving coordination control schemes of multi-BESSs in real-time as well as operation strategies of DC grids in the long-term, this paper presents the effective adaptive coordinated droop control of multi-battery energy storage systems (MBESSs) in DC distribution grids. The adaptive coordinated droop is proposed according to the available energy levels in BESSs. With the proposed method, the dual-objectives, which are stabilization of DC voltages especially through disturbance for instance outage of BESS and enhancement of State of Charge (SOC)-balance speed among BESSs, can be achieved. Analytical derivations are established to investigate the impacts of the adaptive method. Meanwhile, the influence of the proposed method on the stability is presented.
Highlights
Small-scaled networks based on renewable energy resources (RES) including photovoltaic array, wind power generation combined energy storage systems are of an increasingly great interest [1,2,3]
Electricity consumption from the main grid can be reduced through the balance between generated clean energy and demand
DC grid integrated distributed sources are considered as an attractive choice [9]
Summary
Small-scaled networks based on renewable energy resources (RES) including photovoltaic array, wind power generation combined energy storage systems are of an increasingly great interest [1,2,3]. Concept of a net zero-energy building is introduced to harvest energy from wind and solar in urban areas [4,5,6]. With such buildings, electricity consumption from the main grid can be reduced through the balance between generated clean energy and demand. Integration of solar and wind into buildings is studied in [7,8] For such green buildings, the DC grid is a good choice because of its inherent advantage for DC output voltage such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, DC loads and battery energy storage systems (BESS). On comparison with AC microgrid, DC microgrid can eliminate DC–AC or AC–DC power conversion stages of renewable sources and loads, the size and cost of the DC system could be reduced and its efficiency could be increased [10]
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