Abstract
The demand for location-based services (LBS) in large indoor spaces, such as airports, shopping malls, museums and libraries, has been increasing in recent years. However, there is still no fully applicable solution for indoor positioning and navigation like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) solutions in outdoor environments. Positioning in indoor scenes by using smartphone cameras has its own advantages: no additional needed infrastructure, low cost and a large potential market due to the popularity of smartphones, etc. However, existing methods or systems based on smartphone cameras and visual algorithms have their own limitations when implemented in relatively large indoor spaces. To deal with this problem, we designed an indoor positioning system to locate users in large indoor scenes. The system uses common static objects as references, e.g., doors and windows, to locate users. By using smartphone cameras, our proposed system is able to detect static objects in large indoor spaces and then calculate the smartphones’ position to locate users. The system integrates algorithms of deep learning and computer vision. Its cost is low because it does not require additional infrastructure. Experiments in an art museum with a complicated visual environment suggest that this method is able to achieve positioning accuracy within 1 m.
Highlights
It seems obvious for us to conclude that human beings as well as most of animals locate themselves by visual perception
The system proposed in this paper aims to locate smartphones via static objects
We propose an indoor positioning system by using smartphone cameras, which is designed for large indoor scenes
Summary
It seems obvious for us to conclude that human beings as well as most of animals locate themselves by visual perception. The winners of The. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 proved this idea: O'Keefe et al [1,2] discovered that some “place cells”, which are a type of nerve cells in particular area of the brain, were always activated if a rat was located at a particular place in a room. O’Keefe concluded that the room map in the mind is formed by these place cells. In 2005, May-Britt and Edvard Moser [3] made a further discovery They found another important component of location system in brain. Another type of nerve cell, which they named “grid cells”, that can create a coordinate system to realize precise positioning and find accurate paths
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