Abstract
Aflatoxins and especially aflatoxin B, are the devastating contaminant of food and feed products with hazardous effects to mankind and his domestic animals. These investigations were set to evaluate the effect of various levels of Commiphora myrrha resin (1.0, 1.25, 2.25, and 3.25 g/100 ml) and Prunus mahaleb seed extract (0.75, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 g/100 ml) on the growth and aflatoxin secretion by two aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The two plant extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased aflatoxin secretion, and inhibited the fungal growth. Resin of C. myrrha displayed 51.9-95.7% reduction in total aflatoxin secretion by A. flavus, and 46.9-92% for A. parasiticus, and Seed extract of P. mahaleb decreased aflatoxin up to 53.7-95.8% and 40-94.7%, respectively. The inhibition of aflatoxin B (B1 and B2) by myrrh resin and seed extract of mahaleb ranged between 51.7-93.5, 50-93.6% (A. flavus) and 39.5-89.7%, 37.9-93% (A. parasiticus). The mycelial dry weight of A. flavus and A. parasiticus ws decreased up to 46.1-58.7%, 28.9-51.3% (Myrrh resin), and between 45-56.9%, 33.3-55.9% (Mahaleb seed extract). Nonetheless, the two plant extracts did not detoxify aflatoxin B1. Therefore, it apparent that the resin of C. myrrha and seed extract of P. mahaleb affected the biosynthesis pathway of aflatoxins. Thus, they can be recommended as effective natural plant biopreservative against aflatoxin contamination of food and feed products.
Highlights
The effect of C. myrrha resin, P. mahaleb seed extract on the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus was evaluated
The results showed that the total aflatoxin produced by the two Aspergillus strains was significantly (p
The total aflatoxin was decreased by 51.9-95.7% (A. flavus) and 46.9-92% (A. parasiticus) (Fig. 1), and aflatoxin B (B1 and B2) was inhibited by 51.7-93.5% and 39-89.7%, respectively (Fig. 2)
Summary
Myrrh gum has been extensively used for treatment of various diseases (El Ashry et al, 2003; Shen and Lou, 2008), rheumatic complaints, tooth decay, gum disease, and helminth infection (Abd-Ulgadir et al, 2015; Haffor et al, 2010), antiseptic, carminative, anti-inflammatory, and tonic in dyspepsia (Omer el al., 2011; Su et al, 2012) It exhibited numerous biological activities as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, smooth muscles relaxing, antimalarial, anticandidal, antischistosomal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, anticancer, and hypolipidemic effect (Al-Abdalall, 2013; Al-Daihan et al, 2013; Ali et al, 2008; Dolara et al, 2000; Gadir et al, 2014; Shen et al, 2012; Shulan el al., 2011). Antimicrobial activity against gram-positive organisms, Candida albicans, and other microorganisms was observed
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