Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical backgrounds, guidelines for selection of inputs, validation, and limitations/assumptions for a proposed improved unified constitutive model (IUCM). The IUCM is a collection of the most notable and widely accepted work in rock mechanics and is a unified constitutive model that can better and more accurately predict the stress-strain relationships of the rock mass or intact rock samples in continuum numerical models than conventional constitutive models.The IUCM accounts for important and fundamental mechanisms, such as the transition from brittle to ductile response, confinement-dependent strain-softening, dilatational response, strength anisotropy, and stiffness softening. The IUCM was developed with the intention to provide a unified constitutive model that has the complexities required for application to a wide range of geotechnical applications and conditions, yet is simple enough to be used by most geotechnical practitioners.
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