Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly toxic fungal secondary metabolites that often contaminate food and feed commodities. An electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal AFB1 antibodies onto a screen-printed gold electrode that was modified with carbo-methyldextran by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking. An electrochemical interfacial modelling of biomolecular recognition was suggested and reasonably interpreted. Impedance technology was employed for the quantitative determination of AFB1. The limit of detection concentration of AFB1 for standard solutions and spiked pistachio samples was 0.5 ng/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The immunosensor was able to successfully determine AFB1 concentrations in the range of 4.56–50.86 ng/mL in unknown pistachio samples. Comparative chromatographic analysis revealed that AFB1 concentrations that were higher than 345 ng/mL were not within the immunosensor’s upper limits of detection. Selectivity studies against Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 demonstrated that the proposed AFB1 immunosensor was able to differentiate between these other fungal mycotoxins. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach has the potential for rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format, thus contributing to the requirement for effective prevention and the control of aflatoxin B1 in pistachios.
Highlights
Aspergillus is a fungal genus that consists of many different species that are adopted to diverse climate conditions and regions worldwide [1]
Measurements, as already mentioned above. These findings indicate that Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations higher are not within the immunosensor’s upper limits(b)
The present work reports the development of a sensitive impedimetric electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of aflatoxin B1
Summary
Aspergillus is a fungal genus that consists of many different species that are adopted to diverse climate conditions and regions worldwide [1]. Some Aspergillus species have the ability to produce aflatoxins as secondary metabolites, namely four different aflatoxins (B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 ). Aflatoxins are very toxic mycotoxins and categorized amongst the most perilous ones for humans and animals. They can contaminate several agricultural products at both the pre-harvest and at post-harvest level [2]. The number of isolated and characterized mycotoxins is exceeding 300, indicating the severity of such molecules on human health [3]. Aflatoxins are classified by the International Agency
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