Abstract
The pattern of neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive (IR) innervation was investigated in the cerebral arterial tree and choroid plexus of the newt by the use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique combined with chemical sympathectomy (6-OHDA). The data presented here, in conjunction with histochemical data reported previously, showed the following characteristic features of cerebrovascular innervation in this urodelan species. (1) The cerebral arterial tree and choroid plexus had unbalanced NPY-IR and VIP-IR innervation, characterized by the absence or a markedly lesser density of VIP-IR nerves. (2) All or nearly all of the NPY-IR nerves were sympathetic in nature. (3) A few cerebral perivascular NPY-IR nerves in some individuals originated from the sympathetic NPY-IR nerve cells intrinsic to the major cerebral arteries of the anterior circulatory system. (4) Acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons lacking both NPY and VIP immunoreactivities are a major nerve type in cerebrovascular parasympathetic innervation. The preferential NPY-IR innervation of the plexus microvascular-epithelial regions must be considered in relation to its special functions, such as the regulation of microcirculation, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and transportation. CSF is vital for the movement of nutrients and metabolites in the newt brain.
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