Abstract
In this review, we examine opportunities and challenges for 21st-century robotic agricultural cotton harvesting research and commercial development. The paper reviews opportunities present in the agricultural robotics industry, and a detailed analysis is conducted for the cotton harvesting robot industry. The review is divided into four sections: (1) general agricultural robotic operations, where we check the current robotic technologies in agriculture; (2) opportunities and advances in related robotic harvesting fields, which is focused on investigating robotic harvesting technologies; (3) status and progress in cotton harvesting robot research, which concentrates on the current research and technology development in cotton harvesting robots; and (4) challenges in commercial deployment of agricultural robots, where challenges to commercializing and using these robots are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn about cotton harvesting robot research and the potential of multipurpose robotic operations in general. The development of multipurpose robots that can do multiple operations on different crops to increase the value of the robots is discussed. In each of the sections except the conclusion, the analysis is divided into four robotic system categories; mobility and steering, sensing and localization, path planning, and robotic manipulation.
Highlights
The cotton industry holds an important position as a commercial crop worldwide, especially in the U.S, China, India, and Brazil, who are the leading producers of cotton [1]
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The robot needs to plan how it is going to move between the row without repeating the same rows using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and how the arm is going to move without destroying branches [51]
Summary
The cotton industry holds an important position as a commercial crop worldwide, especially in the U.S, China, India, and Brazil, who are the leading producers of cotton [1]. The cotton picker needs defoliated plants to harvest, which adds expense to the farmer [3]. By changing attachments and selecting the appropriate software application, robots can perform tasks like planting, weeding, spraying, and harvesting These machines can be reprogrammed to cover different tasks on a different crop, which can be a huge cost-saving measure for both small and large farmers. The development of a cotton harvesting robot is feasible because there is an opportunity to use the current advancements in machine vision, actuators, motors, and agricultural robotics to develop an autonomous platform to harvest cotton bolls and be adaptable to other cotton operations like planting, spraying, weeding and scouting. We propose to review current cotton harvesting robot research and opportunities and challenges for future development
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