An Extensive Assessment of the Energy Management and Design of Battery Energy Storage in Renewable Energy Systems

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Many benefits are derivable when renewable energy systems (RES) are integrated with battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, appropriate energy management techniques should be adopted to realize optimal benefits. Many BESS operations’ optimization approaches are available in RES with various techno-economic, environmental, and dispatch-related outputs. BESS operations are optimized using different methods. Past studies have mainly concentrated on certain renewable energy systems designed for specific purposes, such as distributed generation or large-scale. This paper thoroughly examines and analyzes various battery management systems by considering the relationship between the optimization methodology and the intended application. This strategy enables the identification of connections between favored optimization approaches and specific optimization goals. Some approaches are more effective in solving economic goal optimizations, whereas others are commonly used for technical goal optimizations. The selection of the solution methodology is also demonstrated to be highly contingent upon the degree of mathematical formulation of the problem. An analysis is conducted to assess the strengths and limitations of the described optimization techniques. The conclusion is that hybrid approaches, which combine the benefits of multiple techniques, will significantly impact the creation of future operating strategies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of optimization approaches and battery applications, aiming to assist researchers in efficiently identifying appropriate optimization strategies for emerging applications in the new generation.