Abstract
This paper proposes the application of a non-linear Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for accurate instantaneous dynamic phasor estimation. An EKF-based algorithm is proposed to better adapt to the dynamic measurement requirements and to provide real-time tracking of the fundamental harmonic components and power system frequencies. This method is evaluated using dynamic compliance tests defined in the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 synchrophasor measurement standard, providing promising results in phasor and frequency estimation, compliant with the accuracy required in the case of off-nominal frequency, amplitude and phase angle modulations, frequency ramps, and step changes in magnitude and phase angle. An important additional feature of the method is its capability for real-time detection of transient disturbances in voltage or current waveforms using the residual of the filter, which enables flagging of the estimation for suitable processing.
Highlights
Accurate estimation of synchrophasors of voltage and current waveforms is a key aspect of the correct operation of modern electric power systems
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation algorithms have traditionally been used because of their good performance in steady-state conditions, and they are used in many commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs), but they fail for off-nominal frequencies and under transient and dynamic conditions
We propose the use of a non-linear adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to better adapt to the dynamic requirements of power system signals
Summary
Accurate estimation of synchrophasors of voltage and current waveforms is a key aspect of the correct operation of modern electric power systems. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation algorithms have traditionally been used because of their good performance in steady-state conditions, and they are used in many commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs), but they fail for off-nominal frequencies and under transient and dynamic conditions Under these conditions, time-varying amplitude and phase angle models have been proposed to improve the accuracy of phasor estimation and for compliance with synchrophasor measurement standards [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The fundamental component, the most relevant harmonic components, the dominant subsynchronous interharmonic component, and the power system frequency were used in a 13-state EKF to model the system and to estimate fundamental and harmonic phasors and the power system frequency This method enables on-line tracking of the fundamental, harmonics, and subsynchronous interharmonic phasors and the detection of transient conditions in the input waveform using the residual of the Kalman filter.
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