Abstract
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) intend to encourage liveable urban environments by 2030 with a main focus on strategies to achieve environmental and human well-being. In the same way, the multifunctionality principle of green infrastructure planning aims to develop and protect urban green spaces to provide several ecosystem services to increase human well-being whilst protecting the environment. With this in mind, this paper seeks to gather evidence on the nexus between multifunctionality and green infrastructure planning to achieve the SDGs within a South African context. The implementation of green infrastructure to this effect depends on creating awareness of different typologies of green infrastructure elements and the ecosystem services they provide to strengthen the implementation of the green infrastructure concept in urban planning practice. Within the aim of context-specific considerations to green infrastructure planning, green infrastructure typologies possible for implementation within a South Africa urban planning practice context are considerably more limited. A qualitative research approach is employed using case studies identifying specific examples to explore South African green infrastructure typologies and their multifunctionality. Different multifunctionality concepts are recognized by urban planners in South Africa. The research findings highlighted that multifunctionality achieved through green infrastructure planning should inform urban planning practice to promote the integration of ecological considerations. The paper ultimately provides a deeper insight into the expanding field of green infrastructure research in a South African context by underlining context-based multifunctional green infrastructure typologies and accordingly emphasizes, mainstreaming the ecosystem services concept as part of urban planning practice to address the SDGs locally.
Highlights
Urbanization is regarded as the 21st century’s most transformative force, intensifying social, economic, and environmental demands (Watson, 2016)
This paper aims to provide evidence on the nexus between multifunctionality and green infrastructure (GI) within a South African context by delivering a preliminary framework of GI typologies and their potential ecosystem services (ES) to mainstream multifunctionality through GI in urban planning
This section provides a broad overview of results, firstly presenting the ES identified in each case study (Supplementary Table 2), followed by findings on the multifunctionality of each GI element (Table 3)
Summary
Urbanization is regarded as the 21st century’s most transformative force, intensifying social, economic, and environmental demands (Watson, 2016). The pressures caused by human activities risk extensive, unexpected, and potentially irreversible changes to basic earth-system processes as planetary boundaries are pushed to the limits. These cause risks at global and local scales including climate change; terrestrial and marine biodiversity loss; interference with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; stratospheric ozone depletion; ocean acidification; global freshwater shortages; chemical pollution and atmospheric aerosol loading (e.g., Griggs et al, 2013; Ahmed and Puppim de Oliveira, 2017; Maes et al, 2019). Growing environmental awareness and concerns as a result of such risks birthed the notion of sustainable development (Hák et al, 2016) which has evolved through different iterations, based on the fundamental premise of a more balanced approach to economic, social and environmental development (Lategan, 2017). There is international consensus that cities will increasingly present the loci where battles for sustainable development will be waged (Klopp and Petretta, 2017)
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