Abstract

ObjectivesTo describe the acute effects of exercise on the morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound. DesignSystematic Review of cohort studies. MethodsSeven electronic research databases were systematically searched for exercise intervention-based studies reporting morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound. ResultsSearches revealed 2460 possible articles and 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. There is evidence that eccentric heel drops resulted in a reduction in diameter and cross-sectional area of the tendon while running/stretch-shortening cycle activities did not result in a change. The latter did not affect tendon mechanical properties. Tendon blood flow was consistently increased in response to exercise. ConclusionsThe acute response of the Achilles tendon to exercise showed an increase in blood flow and a reduction in diameter following heel drop exercises. Exercise modes were relevant since eccentric and isometric loading resulted in a greater response in the tendon. Activities like running and hopping placing specific demands on the tendon's spring function resulted in a minimal change in tendon morphology and no change in mechanical properties.

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