Abstract
An example of the use of advanced fibre-reinforced plastics in sulphuric acid plants
Highlights
Anglo American Platinum treats the off-gas from its primary and converter furnaces at Waterval Smelter Complex in two sulphuric acid plants
The discussion is broadened to design concepts used in the plant, fibrereinforced plastics (FRPs) maintenance quality requirements, and the inspection and testing programme
One stream is from the top submerged-lance furnace and contains 8–13% SO2; this gas is treated in a dry double-contact double absorption (DCDA) plant
Summary
Available data indicate that FRP can handle higher temperatures at the specified concentrations. No history for nitrosyl sulphuric acid on either material. The passive layer formed on alloyed steels can be eroded by high-velocity acid. FRP erosion conditions can be minimized through careful design. Quality systems for both materials are well established, but FRP requires a significant manufacturing QC programme since nondestructive testing is limited. FRP can be more fabricated these steels due to the strict welding code requirements; welds are susceptible to contamination. FRP materials are freely available and repairs are more carried out than for steel. Extensive use of FRP in Anglo Platinum’s refineries, but very limited history with these alloys. Steel availability was in question at the time and long lead times were expected. If acid penetrates the FRP structure, tell-tale signs will appear before catastrophic failure
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