An Evolutionary Particularity Principle for Evolutionary System of Classes of Fructophyta

Abstract

Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu, a new division established in 2018, including all fruit or flowering plants, conventionally named as angiosperms, occupy the highest evolutionary phylum taxa and an important position in terrestrial ecosystems and human wellbeing, whose origin and evolution had always been thought as puzzling. To scientifically settle the puzzle and using the evolutionary continuity principle of new science of Evolutionomy, the author proposed that evolutionary taxa should have particularly evolutionary characters to be distinguished to the closer taxa, which could be called evolutionary particularity principle. Based on the principle, the evolutionary system of five classes of Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu can be affirmed, which is a system of dichotomous evolution. Two new classes, Leguminopsida D. L. Fu and Scutellopsida D. L. Fu, are established based on the common particularity of evolutionary characters, legume and scutellum, respectively. Three old classes are selected as Magnoliopsida Brongn., Rosopsida Batsch and Monocotyledonopsida Benth. et Hook. based on the evolutionary continuity principle, and some evolutionary characters such as flower disks, pseudanthic inflorescences, and syncarpous pistils with serrate leaves were first to be used for the class classification of Rosopsida Batsch, which will make an important advancement in the taxonomy of fruit or flowering plants. The evolutionary particularity principle is a new scientific basis for the new science of Evolutionomy, which can also scientifically overcome the limitations of partiality and subjectivity in the tree of life or phylogenetic system.