Abstract

Scheduling EV user’s charging behavior based on charging price and applying renewable energy resources are the effective methods to release the load pressure of power grids brought about by the large-scale popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper presents a novel approach for EV charging scheduling based on price negotiation. Firstly, the EV charging system framework based on price negotiation and renewable energy resources is discussed. Secondly, the price negotiation model is presented, including the initial price models and the conditions of transactions. Finally, an EV charging scheduling mechanism based on price negotiation (CSM-PN), including the price adjustment strategies of both the operator and EV users is proposed to seek a final transaction during multi-round price negotiation. Simulation results show that this novel approach can effectively improve the charging station operator’s income, reduce the EV users’ costs, and balance the load of the power grid while improving the efficiency of the EV charging system.

Highlights

  • Electric vehicles (EVs) are an important branch of renewable energy vehicles, and will undoubtedly play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and maintaining sustainable development

  • Our second contribution was the proposition of an EV charging scheduling mechanism based on price negotiation (CSM-PN)

  • This paper proposes an EV charging scheduling mechanism based on price negotiation (CSM-PN) for the charging behavior scheduling of large-scale EV charging systems

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Summary

Introduction

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an important branch of renewable energy vehicles, and will undoubtedly play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and maintaining sustainable development. Both “Direct” (this is the sale made on the Power Exchange or through bilateral contracts stipulated with wholesalers) and “Indirect” (form of sale through the stipulation of a simple agreement with the Electricity Services Operator (GSE), which acts as a commercial intermediary between the producers and the electricity system) ways of sale to the electricity network produced by a plant can be chosen depending on the organization of the power infrastructure In this mode, the charging station can fully use the renewable energy resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but can reduce the cost and balance load of power grid. The EV will be charged at a new price that is formed by a new round of charging price negotiation

Price Negotiation Model
Initial Price of EV User
Initial Price of Charging Station Operator
Conditions of Charging Station Operators and EV Users for Transaction
EV Charging Scheduling Based on Price Negotiation
Price Adjustment Strategy of Charging Station Operator
Price Adjustment Strategy of EV User
Simulation Results
Conclusions
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