Abstract
Environmental justice (EJ) has become an increasingly significant issue for environmental management and has thus attracted increasing government and public attention. Although some studies have used techniques of proximity based on geographical information systems to assess EJ, their research is limited to individual or household data. Unlike the conventional hedonic price model (HPM) examining the effects of environmental features on housing rent, this article incorporates counterfactual decomposition into the HPM to estimate the environmental pressure on different groups by comparing the externality effects of municipal solid waste treatment facilities (MSWTFs) on two separate groups of people. To explore whether and, if so, the extent to which, vulnerable groups of people are restricted to disproportionate impacts of hazardous environmental facilities, this research uses Shanghai as the study area to highlight specific locations and exemplify the environmental injustice between the rich and the poor. The results, which represent the relationship between environmental quality and property prices, indicate that environmental quality is a robust predictor of housing rent. Simultaneously, the results suggest that some people conform better to environmental pressure than do others. Thus, the environmental impact of MSWTFs on different populations should be considered, and compensation policies should be implemented for disadvantaged groups.
Highlights
The discussion of environmental justice (EJ) dates back to the 1980s [1,2,3], with many studies concluding that disadvantaged groups throughout the country suffer from having a disproportionate share of municipal solid waste treatment facilities (MSWTFs) within their proximity [4,5,6]
The U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has focused on this issue and has provided the following official definition of EJ: No one of any race, culture, income or education level should be forced to bear a disproportionate share of exposure to the negative impact of pollution [10]
Regarding group B, the rich, the coefficient of the continuous variables with actual values of MSWTF (0.057) indicates that the housing rent increases by RMB 57 per 1 km increase in the distance between an apartment and the MSWTF, on average, when the other characteristic variables remain unchanged. These results reveal that the shorter the distance is between the residential area and the MSWTF, the lower the housing rent is
Summary
The discussion of environmental justice (EJ) dates back to the 1980s [1,2,3], with many studies concluding that disadvantaged groups throughout the country suffer from having a disproportionate share of municipal solid waste treatment facilities (MSWTFs) within their proximity [4,5,6]. As some geographic units of analysis, such as census areas, have no reported income, it is difficult to consider poverty in EJ studies [18]. These limitations may restrict the wider applicability and generalizability of the research results [19]
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