Abstract
Background: With the tremendous increase in the usage of smart meters for industrial/ household purposes, their implementation is considered a crucial challenge in the Internet of Things (IoT) world, leading to a demand for emerging 5G technology. In addition, a large amount of data has to be communicated by smart meters efficiently, which needs a significant enhancement in bandwidth. The power amplifier (PA) plays a major role in deciding the efficiency and bandwidth of the entire communication system. Among the various modes of PAs, a newly developed Class-J mode PA has been proven to achieve high efficiency over a wide bandwidth by maintaining linearity. Methods: This paper proposes a Class-J mode PA design methodology using a CGH40010F-GaN device that operates at a 3.5 GHz frequency to meet the requirements of 5G wireless communication technology for the replacement of existing 4G/LTE technology used for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grids. This research's main objective is to design the proper matching networks (M.Ns) to achieve Class-J mode operation that satisfies the bandwidth requirements of 5G smart grid applications. With the target impedances obtained using the load-pull simulation, lumped element matching networks are analyzed and designed in 3 ways using the ADS EDA tool. Results: The simulation results reveal that the proposed Class-J PA provides a maximum drain efficiency (D.E) of 82%, power added efficiency (PAE) of 67% with 13 dB small-signal gain at 3.5 GHz, and output power of 40 dBm (41.4 dBm peak) with a power gain of approximately 7 dB over a bandwidth of approximately 400 MHz with a 28 V power supply into a 50 Ω load. Conclusion: The efficiency and bandwidth of the proposed Class-J PA can be enhanced further by fine-tuning the matching network design to make it more suitable for 5G smart meter/grid applications.
Highlights
With the tremendous improvement in the wireless communication industry, the demand for emerging 5G technology1–3 has increased for enhanced broadband and Internet of Things (IoT) applications
The main contribution of this research paper involves analysis of various matching network methods/topologies and design of appropriate I/P and O/P matching networks to match a 50 Ω source and loads with the desired optimum source and load impedances of the transistor with respect to maximum power added efficiency (PAE) determined by load pull to achieve Class-J mode operation with the desired bandwidth of 5G smart grid specifications
After checking the device’s stability, the optimum impedances required for the Class-J power amplifier (PA) can be obtained by conducting load d pull simulations, as shown in Figure 7, with reference to the target source and load impedances that are obtained from load-line analysis, as explained in step 4 of the Methodology section
Summary
With the tremendous improvement in the wireless communication industry, the demand for emerging 5G technology has increased for enhanced broadband and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is understood that among the various modes of PAs, a Class-J PA can even satisfy the enhanced bandwidth requirement of the emerging 5G smart meter/smart grid applications without sacrificing linearity and efficiency if the appropriate matching networks are designed. In this paper, a Class-J mode PA is chosen, and a design methodology is proposed to achieve the efficiency and bandwidth requirements of 5G wireless communications of smart grids. Methods: This paper proposes a Class-J mode PA design methodology using a CGH40010F-GaN device that operates at a 3.5 GHz frequency to meet the requirements of 5G wireless communication technology for the replacement of existing 4G/LTE technology used for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grids. Conclusion: The efficiency and bandwidth of the proposed Class-J PA can be enhanced further by fine-tuning the matching network design to make it more suitable for 5G smart meter/grid applications
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