Abstract
All-electric ships are now a standard offering for energy/propulsion systems in boats. In this context, integrating fuel cells (FCs) as power sources in hybrid energy systems can be an interesting solution because of their high efficiency and low emission. The energy management strategy for different power sources has a great influence on the fuel consumption, dynamic performance and service life of these power sources. This paper presents a hybrid FC/battery power system for a low power boat. The hybrid system consists of the association of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery bank. The mathematical models for the components of the hybrid system are presented. These models are implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulations allow analyzing the dynamic performance and power allocation according to a typical driving cycle. In this system, an efficient energy management system (EMS) based on operation states is proposed. This EMS strategy determines the operating point of each component of the system in order to maximize the system efficiency. Simulation results validate the adequacy of the hybrid power system and the proposed EMS for real ship driving cycles.
Highlights
Emissions related to ship propulsion (CO2, SOx and NOx) have a significant responsibility for environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect, acid rain and air pollution
There is a focus on all-electric ships powered by fuel cells (FCs) because of their high efficiency and low emissions, and there are some R&D projects aiming to develop this technology
This paper presents a hybrid FC/battery power system for a low power boat
Summary
Emissions related to ship propulsion (CO2, SOx and NOx) have a significant responsibility for environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect, acid rain and air pollution. It is reported that the CO2 emissions from ships accounts for about 3%–5% of total CO2 emissions in the world and corresponded to about 1 billion tons in 2010. It has been estimated by international maritime organization that, without any countermeasures, the carbon dioxide emission from ships will increase to 2.5 billion tons in 2050. SO2 emissions of ship are a problem. Shipping emissions are not covered by the Kyoto Agreement, stricter regulations have been developed in different countries. European Union (EU) has implemented stricter regulation to control the SO2 emissions in sensitive sea areas, including the Western
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