An empirically based model of software prototyping: a mapping study and a multi-case study

Abstract

ContextPrototyping is an established practice within product and user interface design that is also used as a requirements engineering (RE) practice within agile development. Even so, there is a lack of theory on prototyping.AimsOur main research objective is to support practitioners in improving on their prototyping practices.MethodWe have designed a model that describes key aspects of the practice of prototyping. The model is based on a systematic mapping study consisting of thirty-three primary studies and on empirical data from twelve case companies. We validate and demonstrate the applicability of our model through a focus group at one company and through semi-structured interviews at eleven (other) startup companies. ResultsOur prototyping aspects model (PAM) consists of five aspects of prototyping, namely purpose, prototype scope, prototype media, prototype use, and exploration strategy. This model has enabled practitioners to discuss their prototyping practices in terms of the concepts provided by our model. ConclusionsThe model can be used to categorise prototyping instances and can thereby support practitioners in reflecting and improving on their prototyping practices.