Abstract
The probability of appearance and the degree of development of the F1 layer for a broad range of solar and geophysical conditions have been modelled. Space-time variations of these parameters and their morphology have been investigated. Conditions are identified under which the presence or absence of F1 can reasonably be predicted. On the other hand there are situations where the “layer” is so scarcely developed that the question after its “appearance” makes no sense.
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