Abstract
This study describes the development of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using AgNPs/Nafion–modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection of lactoferrin (Lf), a crucial biomarker for various diseases. Salivary Lf could be presented as a new biomarker candidate for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), serving as a non-invasive and cost-effective predictor of amyloid pathology. The construction of the label-free immunosensor was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealing significant changes in electron transfer rates during each step of the assembly process. The electrochemical signal of the immunosensor fabrication was measured at each step and the resulting electrode surface properties were significantly enhanced by the AgNPs/Nafion deposition. The immunosensor demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 0.005 to 100 μg/mL based on DPV, with a LOD of 0.025 μg/mL. It exhibited good reproducibility and selectivity towards potential interfering substances. Testing with spiked human saliva samples resulted in recovery rates between 101 % and 103 %. This AgNPs/Nafion-based immunosensor provides a promising platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of Lf in AD assessment.
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