Abstract
The massive multiple-input multiple-output systems (M-MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are considered to be some of the most promising key techniques in the emerging 5G and advanced wireless communication systems nowadays. Not only are the benefits of applying M-MIMO and OFDM for broadband communication well known, but using them for the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires a large amount of wireless transmission, which is a developing topic. However, its high complexity becomes a problem when there are numerous antennas. In this paper, we provide an effective two-stage multiuser detector (MUD) with the assistance of the accelerated over-relaxation (AOR) iterative algorithm and Chebyshev acceleration for the uplink of M-MIMO OFDM systems to achieve a better balance between bit error rate (BER) performance and computational complexity. The first stage of the receiver consists of an accelerated over-relaxation (AOR)-based estimator and is intended to yield a rough initial estimate of the relaxation factor ω, the acceleration parameter γ, and transmitted symbols. In the second stage, the Chebyshev acceleration method is used for detection, and a more precise signal is produced through efficient iterative estimation. Additionally, we call this proposed scheme Chebyshev-accelerated over-relaxation (CAOR) detection. Conducted simulations show that the developed receiver, with a modest computational load, can provide superior performance compared with previous works, especially in the MU M-MIMO uplink environments.
Highlights
Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) of 5G [1,2,3] is one of the crucial applications of wireless communication systems [4,5,6]
The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are indispensable technologies of wireless communication systems currently [7,8]. The former, with multiple antennas at the transmitters and receivers, which can significantly increase the data throughput of the system and transmission distance without increasing the total transmit power expenditure or bandwidth demand, can efficiently obtain diversity gain, array gain, capacity gain, and beamforming gain [9,10,11]; the latter is a favored modulation and transmission scheme that cuts a high-data-rate stream into some lower-rate streams simultaneously transmitted over some narrow-band channels parallelly, which has a lot of advantages, such as robustness against narrow-band co-channel interference, inter-symbol interference (ISI)
Consider an NR × number of user antennas (NT) uplink MU massive multiple-input multiple-output systems (M-MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems as depicted in Section 2, where NR and NT are the numbers of the antennas at the base station side and total user side, respectively
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) of 5G [1,2,3] is one of the crucial applications of wireless communication systems [4,5,6]. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are indispensable technologies of wireless communication systems currently [7,8] The former, with multiple antennas at the transmitters and receivers, which can significantly increase the data throughput of the system and transmission distance without increasing the total transmit power expenditure or bandwidth demand, can efficiently obtain diversity gain, array gain, capacity gain, and beamforming gain [9,10,11]; the latter is a favored modulation and transmission scheme that cuts a high-data-rate stream into some lower-rate streams simultaneously transmitted over some narrow-band channels parallelly, which has a lot of advantages, such as robustness against narrow-band co-channel interference, inter-symbol interference (ISI)
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