Abstract
The Internet of Things grew rapidly, and many services, applications, sensor-embedded electronic devices, and related protocols were created and are still being developed. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows physically existing things to see, hear, think, and perform a significant task by allowing them to interact with one another and exchange valuable knowledge when making decisions and caring out their vital tasks. The fifth-generation (5G) communications require that the Internet of Things (IoT) is aided greatly by wireless sensor networks, which serve as a permanent layer for it. A wireless sensor network comprises a collection of sensor nodes to monitor and transmit data to the destination known as the sink. The sink (or base station) is the endpoint of data transmission in every round. The major concerns of IoT-based WSNs are improving the network lifetime and energy efficiency. In the proposed system, Optimal Cluster-Based Routing (Optimal-CBR), the energy efficiency, and network lifetime are improved using a hierarchical routing approach for applications on the IoT in the 5G environment and beyond. The Optimal-CBR protocol uses the k-means algorithm for clustering the nodes and the multihop approach for chain routing. The clustering phase is invoked until two-thirds of the nodes are dead and then the chaining phase is invoked for the rest of the data transmission. The nodes are clustered using the basic k-means algorithm during the cluster phase and the highest energy of the node nearest to the centroid is selected as the cluster head (CH). The CH collects the packets from its members and forwards them to the base station (BS). During the chaining phase, since two-thirds of the nodes are dead and the residual energy is insufficient for clustering, the remaining nodes perform multihop routing to create chaining until the data are transmitted to the BS. This enriches the energy efficiency and the network lifespan, as found in both the theoretical and simulation analyses.
Highlights
Introduction eInternet of ings has increased its adoption, but these are only a few of the endless fields in which it can be applied, providing infinite uses
When with eyes and auditory and optical sensors (WSNs) are used for remote area observing, a lifetime of the sensor network guarantees the efficiency of the system and reliability on data transmission
(6) End-to-end delay analogy e residual energy of all the nodes assessed within the proposed conspire. e sum of the network’s leftover vitality of Optimal-CBR is higher when compared to that of the existing framework like Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)-C, Chain-Based Hierarchical Routing Protocol (CHIRON), and the k-means protocol
Summary
E major concerns of IoT-based WSNs are improving the network lifetime and energy efficiency. WSN’s main function is in the promotion and growth of IoT is allowing lower resource and life-changing services It links tens of thousands of sensors using wireless technology. When WSNs are used for remote area observing, a lifetime of the sensor network guarantees the efficiency of the system and reliability on data transmission. Life and energy use are critical concerns for WSNs. Routing algorithms can make intelligent decisions with a reliable lifetime estimate that can help save resources and extend the lifetime of the node. With sensible designing of routing protocols and application layers of the operating system concerning energy conservation, the lifespan of a sensor network can be greatly increased.
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