Abstract
A key characteristic of Smart Cities is the ability to reduce conflicts between different agents coexisting in a dynamic system, such as the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians. This paper presents a system to augment the awareness of vehicle drivers regarding the presence of pedestrians in nearby crosswalks. The proposed system interconnects Road Side Units (RSUs), which are informed about the state of the crosswalks, and vehicles, in order to spread to vehicles, the information about the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks. To prevent false information spreading, RSUs sign the alert messages they broadcast and all vehicles can validate the signatures. This poses strong security requirements, such as non-repudiation of alert messages, as well as strong real-time requirements, such as minimum message validation delays among vehicles approaching a crosswalk of interest. To manage the signed alert messages, we are proposing Nimble Asymmetric Cryptography (NAC), which authenticates implicit broadcast messages. NAC minimizes the usage of asymmetric ciphers, which are fundamental to assure non-repudiation but increase performance penalties and uses hash chaining for source authentication of implicit messages.
Highlights
Nowadays, road safety is a big concern among country governments
We assumed that crosswalks have a trustworthy pedestrian detection system [6], which they use to gather information to convey to a nearby Road Side Unit (RSU)
//sumo.dlr.de/docs/Simulation/Pedestrians.html), we established the connectivity of those vehicles with RSUs with the Connectivity Aggregation Tool (CAT) and the resulting data was provided to mobile Opportunistic Vehicular Emulator for Real Scenarios (mOVERS) in order to evaluate the performance of Nimble Asymmetric Cryptography (NAC)
Summary
Road safety is a big concern among country governments. In Portugal, for example, in the year of 2017, there where a total of 34,416 traffic accidents. In order to deal with these challenges, we are proposing a solution with a focus in two aspects: to inform vehicles about the presence of pedestrians in a crosswalk in a secure fashion and to assure that vehicles can validate that information using a very efficient method For reaching this goal, we assumed that crosswalks have a trustworthy pedestrian detection system [6], which they use to gather information to convey to a nearby Road Side Unit (RSU). We still use asymmetric ciphers, which are fundamental to guarantee non-repudiation, but we minimize its usage to significantly decrease performance penalties Both these features were combined in a novel protocol, the Nimble Asymmetric Cryptography (NAC), which was designed to efficiently and timely authenticate implicit broadcast messages [7], used to inform if there are pedestrians around the crosswalks or not.
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