An effervescence tablet-assisted microextraction based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvents for the determination of strobilurin fungicides in water, juice, wine, and vinegar samples by HPLC

Abstract

In this study, a simple, efficient, and green effervescence tablet-assisted microextraction method based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvent (ETA-ME-SDES) was developed to determine picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin in water, juice, wine, and vinegar samples by HPLC. An eco-friendly, hydrophobic, deep eutectic solvent (DES, acting as the extraction solvent) was synthesized by thymol and octanoic acid in the molar ratio of 1:5. The extraction solvent dispersed in sample solutions with the assistance of pH adjustment and effervescence reaction, and was collected after solidification in an ice bath. Several essential conditions, including the type and the volume of DESs, the amount of ammonia hydroxide, and the components of effervescence tablets were optimized. The limits of detection ranged from 0.15 to 0.38 μg L−1. Extraction recovery ranged from 77.4 to 106.9%. The proposed method was successful in determining the amount of strobilurin fungicides in water, juice, wine, and vinegar samples.