Abstract
This paper consists of two parts. The first one contains a description and methodology of the composite material used as friction material in clutches. Four variants of such material, differing in the type of carbon additive (the elemental graphite, pencil graphite and foundry coke powder of various fractions) were considered. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity as well as the specific heat all materials were determined experimentally. On the inertial IM-58 stand, a simulation of the braking process of the friction pair consisting of a steel disc with friction material and a counterpart in the form of a homogeneous steel disc was carried out. On this basis, averaged coefficients of friction, unchanging in the entire sliding process, were found for the four friction pairs. The experimental data obtained in the first stage were used in the second stage to develop two (2D and 3D) numerical models of the friction heating process of the friction pairs under consideration. For four variants of the friction material, a comparative spatial-temporal temperature analysis was performed using both models. It was found that a simplified axisymmetric (2D) model can be used to estimate the maximum temperature with high accuracy. The lowest maximum temperature (115.6 °C) obtained for the same total friction work was achieved on the friction surface of the material with the addition of GP-1.
Highlights
The friction materials are widely used in friction pairs of vehicles, tractors, motorcycles, machine tools and others
Development of effective 2D and 3D computational models with the use FEM to determine the temperature of the friction clutch; carrying out a comparative analysis of the temperature fields obtained by means of both models with the same friction work done; investigating the effect of a carbon-containing additive in the structure of the new four friction materials on the temperature mode of the clutch
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the thermal and physical properties and the coefficient of friction as well as numerical simulations of the temperature mode of the new composite friction material used in the clutches
Summary
The friction materials are widely used in friction pairs of vehicles, tractors, motorcycles, machine tools and others. Short process durations and high velocities lead to the release of a large amount of heat and temperature This causes the destruction of the surface layer, determining wear of the material and, the service life of the entire machine or mechanism [15]. Two different (with a priori given heat partition coefficient or conditions of perfect thermal contact of friction) analytical models for determining the temperature during the operation of the clutch were proposed [24]. Development of effective 2D and 3D computational models with the use FEM to determine the temperature of the friction clutch; carrying out a comparative analysis of the temperature fields obtained by means of both models with the same friction work done; investigating the effect of a carbon-containing additive in the structure of the new four friction materials on the temperature mode of the clutch. When developing the computational models of frictional heating of the clutch, the authors used their previous experience, gained earlier in the modeling of the temperature mode of disc brakes [33,34]
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