Abstract
In certain samples, the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect is accompanied by hysteresis and intermittent noise, and the longitudinal dissipative voltage, V x , increases in a series of up to 20 discrete steps of height ΔV x≈5 mV . To account for these observations a phenomenological hydrodynamical model is proposed, based on inter-Landau-level scattering in a localised region or regions with large velocity gradient. This scattering gives rise to an electron motion analogous to that of eddies or vortices when laminar flow breaks down in classical fluids. The voltage steps are associated with integer changes in the number of electrons occupying the upper Landau level in these eddy regions. Electronic analogues of eddy viscosity, molecular viscosity and Reynolds number are introduced.
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