Abstract
The present study focused on water quality assessment of 14 hotspot locations in the Gulf of Suez by measuring the physicochemical parameters seasonally during 2016. The results of investigated area revealed that, the annual mean range of water was: temperature (21.91°C - 29.22°C), pH (7.64 - 7.78), salinity (38.71‰ - 42.74‰), dissolved oxygen (6.09 - 8.78 mgO2/l,) oxidizable organic matter (1.4 - 5.4 mg/l), biological oxygen demand (1.14 - 3.94 mgO2/l), total suspended solids (18.56 - 37.69 mg/l), ammonia (13.51 - 494.41 μg/l), nitrite (1.261 - 151.76 μg/l), nitrate (7.11 - 487.85), dissolved inorganic phosphate (2.22 - 53.26) and silicate (19.83 - 347.61 μg/l). The N:P ratio fluctuated between 4.21 and 1214.61 with the main value of 81.16 indicating that the different sites in the northern part of the Gulf of Suez are P-limited. Based on the Principal Component Analysis Data, the stations locating in the Northern and Southern side of the Gulf of Suez are relatively good water quality; meanwhile, water quality of the other stations locating in the northern side of the Gulf of Suez is found slightly polluted to a different degree co-incided with an increase in the human activities in each of these locations.
Highlights
Marine water quality is very important and critical due to its impact on human health and aquatic, including marine life [1] [2]
Based on the Principal Component Analysis Data, the stations locating in the Northern and Southern side of the Gulf of Suez are relatively good water quality; water quality of the other stations locating in the northern side of the Gulf of Suez is found slightly polluted to a different degree coincided with an increase in the human activities in each of these locations
The obtained data of hydrochemical characteristics of the present study are shown in (Figure 2) and illustrated in (Table 1) where these data demonstrating that water temperature fluctuated between 21.91 ̊C - 29.22 ̊C, 38.71‰ - 42.74‰ for salinity, 7.64 - 7.78 for pH, 6.09 - 8.78 mg/l for dissolved oxygen (DO), 1.14 - 3.94 mgO2/l for BOD, 1.4 - 5.4 mgO2/l for oxidizable organic matter (OOM)
Summary
Marine water quality is very important and critical due to its impact on human health and aquatic, including marine life [1] [2]. Water quality information is very important in supporting the planning and management of coastal and marine areas under the influence of massive human activities. The Gulf of Suez extends around 280 km toward the north, ending at the City of Suez, which is the entrance to the Suez Canal. It is relatively shallow, with a maximum depth of around 64 m. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess water quality in the Gulf of Suez as the main requirement for environmental and technical management of the Gulf of Suez, and to minimize or mitigate the adverse environmental effects of human, industrial and maritime activities to allow sustainable use of the marine water resources
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