Abstract
Ferroelectric materials such as lithium niobate and lithium tantalate show a non-linearhysteresis behaviour, which may be explained by dynamical system analysis. The behaviourof these ferroelectrics is usually explained by domains and domain wall movements. So, thespatial variation of the domain wall was studied previously in order to see its effecton the domain wall width in the context of the Landau–Ginzburg functional.In the present work, both temporal and spatial variations of polarization areconsidered, and by using the Euler–Lagrange dynamical equation of motion, aKlein–Gordon equation is derived by taking the ferroelectrics as a Hamiltoniansystem. An interaction has been considered between the nearest neighbour domains,which are stacked sideways in a parallel array with uniform polarization. Thisinteraction term is associated with the spatial term and when this interaction isassumed to be zero, the spatial term vanishes, giving rise to a Duffing oscillatordifferential equation, which can be also studied by a dynamic system analysis.
Published Version
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