Abstract
AbstractAfter a brief historical review of the study of soil fertility it is shown that in studying the essence of soil fertility, both the „physique”︁ and the „pedon structure”︁ of soil should be investigated. Under proper cultivation and fertilization, it is possible to maintain and enhance the level of fertility of black soils. Humic substances combined with the surface of mineral particles are the soil constituents restricting the fertility of black soils, and may be used as the main index to characterize the level of fertility of these soils. The humification and turnover of organic matter are regulated by the soil enzymes. The enzymatic activities in black soils form an important supplementary index of their fertility status. Soil particles aggregating more stable and forming a looser fabric play an important role in maintaining and harmonizing the status of soil moisture, nutrients, air and heat throughout the soil profile. The resistance power or self‐regulating capability of soil against unfavourable factors is an overall index reflecting the essence of soil fertility.
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