An approach of cost-effective automatic irrigation and soil testing system

Abstract

The population of Bangladesh reached beyond 16 Crores, and the rate of population is increasing every day. There will be a severe food issue after 25–30 years, so it is important to improve the agriculture. The farmers today suffer from a shortage of rainfall and water shortages. The key objective of this paper is to include an integrated irrigation network, and also to measure the quantity of the three major macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in the soil, thereby saving the farmer's time, money, and strength. Comparing the solution to a color diagram determines the amount of N, P and K in the soil sample. It will describe the high, medium and low levels of N, P and K. Manual control is necessary for the conventional farmland techniques. Human interference can be minimized with automatic irrigation systems. This paper presents a smart system that will sense and analyze the NPK rate of soil and will detect the moisture rate of that land, then based on these values, automatic irrigation will happen. As a master of system ATtiny Microcontroller used here to make the device cost-effective and instead of pH meter here used TCS230 color sensor to detect the soil pH or NPK rate. To make the system more cost-effective, there used a Mobile app as the monitoring device instead of any external hardware display.