Abstract
Summary. The graph theory gives a mathematical representation of transport networks and allows us to study their characteristics effectively. A research of the structure of metro system has been conducted in the study by using the graph theory. The study includes subway systems of 22 European capitals. New indicators have been defined in the research such as a degree of routing, a connectivity of the route, average length per link (which takes into account the number of routes), intensity of the route, density of the route. The new and the existing indicators have been used to analyze and classify the metro networks. The statistical method cluster analysis has been applied to classify the networks. Ten indicators have been used to carry out an analysis. The metro systems in European capitals have been classified in three clusters. The first cluster includes large metro systems, the second one includes small metro networks whereas the third cluster includes metro networks with only one line. The combination of both two methods has been used for the first time in this research. The methodology could be used to evaluate other existing metro networks as well as for preliminary analysis in the design of subway systems.
Highlights
Metro systems are the main type of public transport in many cities around the world. 76 European cities have metro networks which are fully constructed or planned for future expansion
The results indicate that metro systems of the considered European capitals can be classified into three groups:
The factors for classifications of metro networks have been defined-these factors allow us to evaluate the stage of development of the examined systems
Summary
Metro systems are the main type of public transport in many cities around the world. 76 European cities have metro networks which are fully constructed or planned for future expansion. Metro systems are the main type of public transport in many cities around the world. Worldwide Metropolitan is in three main varieties - classic subway (about 70%), light urban rail (light metro) and automatic metro. Classic metro has been called "Underground", "Subway", "U-Bahn" or‘’T-Bahn’’ in different countries around the world. The type of metro network in larger cities with more than 1,5 -2 million citizens is diverse and could be defined as a diametricallycircular (Moscow), rectangular (Madrid), linear-rectangular (Oslo), mixed (Paris, Vienna), random (Copenhagen). The graph theory has been used for many years by various researchers to describe the structure of the network of public transport, street networks, and others.
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