Abstract
An apparatus is described which was developed to freeze small quantities of liquid at rates of up to 60 °C per sec and to thaw them at up to 500 °C per sec. The apparatus is especially suited to systematically ascertaining the optimum freezing and thawing rates and their effects on the viability of blood cells in the course of cryopreservation. The sample container is a metal tube cooled with liquid nitrogen and heated by an electric current. The temperature of the sample is sensed by a thermocouple and controlled by an electronic control device via the amount of heater current. The proper knowledge of the optimum preservation conditions provides satisfactory conditions for the development of processes for the cryopreservation of sufficiently large quantities of blood cells for transfusion purposes.
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